Hi. Comments interspersed below This seems overcomplicated. Under normal conditions string height minus hammer flange center height = bore distance. Hammer shank horizontal at impact. I don’t care whether the string is at a nominal incline to the bridge. Shank horizontal at impact has been what I've done for some 30 years now. Hammer perpendicular to this horizontal shank for the reason you mention below. The thread a couple months back prompted me to take a second look at this way of doing things. In other situations (like the Bechstein) where the formula above gives you a bore distance that compromises stretch clearance, strike point access, or a just a hammer that is of reasonable length (and weight) I throw out the shank horizontal at impact requirement and go with a reasonable bore distance to get stretcher clearance and strike point accessibility and then add some rake to get the hammer perpendicular to the string at impact. Again, ignoring any nominal incline of the string. Yes, thats more or less what Jon stated in the exchange where you evidently had the same sort of head scratching about a similar piano Strikes me just that there should be a more straightforward way of going about finding an optimal bore/rake combination in such instances. And tho the Bechstein may be a bit extreme... It has gotten me wondering just how nominal a string incline or normal the situation really is in an average piano, and if there might be a more effective way of figuring both. In fact, ignoring the string incline is a good way to take into account some inevitable hammer wear. The hammer may start out slightly (almost immeasurably) undercentering, but within a hundred or so hours of playing it's probably right on. Assuming your nominal normality thing yes... It works and worrying about cosines and various unnecessarily complicated formulas borders on mental masturbation. Of course, some people are into that. David Love Sigh...yet another expression of disdain for the shape of another's learning curve in that classy fashion of yours eh ? Some might simply call it being constructively inquisitive. But you are right ... some people clearly are ... "into that". RicB
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