Hi Ed I think by and large we agree here, tho I am less certain that we are on the same page on a couple points. Comments interspersed below. "The Tune-Offs" have become legendary. I was not there, but reports from people who were there convince me that nothing was proved. No recordings or measurements were made. In fact, the legends are seriously misleading about what happened. Jim Coleman may have kept his tuning offsets, and about half the audience felt his tuning was better than Virgil's. I don't think Jim considered the events to be serious studies. I tend to agree for the most part, tho I might add that if they did show anything conclusively, it was that the audience(s) of these tune-offs were not capable of discerning much of a difference from their listening positions...which may say more about the audience(s) then anything else. I would also point out that Jims tunings were not strictly by the dial, by his own admission. It would be more accurate I think to describe his tunings as ETD assisted tunings. I do not know what the limits of Olympian human pitch perception are, so I don't know that human hearing is more accurate than digital measurement. If we were not somewhat tolerant, no one would have pianos, because we all know they deviate significantly within a few days (if not hours) of tuning, and yet, we still enjoy them. I think we first need to precisely define what the term <<accurate>> here is before we get into comparisons between aural and etd based tunings. For my part, accuracy can either mean "to what degree the result corresponds with the intent" or it can mean a more vague attempt at a subjective assessment of clarity and cleanness of overall in tuneness. It is this second we get into real difficulty with in such comparisons...yet in the end it is usually this that lies at the root of our own personal likes and dislikes. Now if someone can make that monumental leap and bridge the gap between a purely objective math model to the degree that it unifies in a nearly universal way all our individual sense of in-tuneness ... that indeed would be a mark in human history. Such a gap has never been bridged. Heck physicists cant even agree on what gravity is or isnt, or what causes it to come into existance. I also don't know what is the correct or perfect tuning, and I have seen people, including myself, have their opinions moved more by the natural smokes and mirrors of the situation than by genuine response to the rarities of temperament and tuning. (Sometimes I've been moved by my own smoke and mirrors, and have a video to prove it!) I refer to the definitions above and otherwise echo your experiences. Its hard to get at...yet somehow we always react positively when an instrument really displays that in-tuneness that somewhere somehow apparently does exist. I hope I am an open minded non-believer, looking forward to learning something, but I am empiricist by bent of character. Although I can see how an infinite number of angels can dance on the head of a tuning pin, I gently dust them off to make room for my tuning lever. :)... I'm not much one for smoke and magic either... tho like you I catch myself at it often enough. I'm just trying to apply simple logic here. Therefore, I look for very simple numbers. I would like simple measurements in controlled and fair comparisons. I would like to hear, measure and compare "Pure Octaves," for instance. If the measurement of Mr. X's and Mr. Y's octaves are the same, on the same piano, and yet they ascribe to different methodologies, that tells us something. If Mr. B's "pure octave" is a different measure than Mr. C's "pure octave," that also tells us something. Ed S. Agreed that measurements and numbers can be enlightening... but they cant truly describe the world... or any of its constituent parts... and this includes tuning. It can only come close. Thats perhaps because numbers reflect an ideal yet the world does not and can not conform to any ideal in anything close to an absolute sense. Cheers RicB
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