The Richard Gertz myth

Phillip Ford fordpiano@earthlink.net
Fri, 29 Oct 2004 11:07:40 -0700 (GMT-07:00)


>All,
>
>Back in 1900, if the patents-office examiner had been paying attention, 
>Richard Gertz never would have got his patent. The sound board of a real 
>world piano does not push outward as downbearing is applied. While the 
>sound board shown in the piano diagram at Mason and Hamlin's website 
>(http://www.masonhamlin.com/crown/crown.html) might push outwards, real 
>pianos do not have the sound board ribs offset higher than the cord-line 
>as shown in their image (a jpeg conversion of the M&H website image is 
>shown below).

Ron,

Would you explain what you mean by the cord line?

>...
>So yes, a substantial back beam configuration is a good thing, but the 
>Richard Gertz 'crown retention system' will be of virtually zero assistance.
>
>Ron O.

Unless it works in both directions, in which case it's essentially doing 
the same job as the back beams.  It's not clear that it does from the 
diagrams on the M-H site (which diagrams are hard to read, BTW, since they 
chose to use red lettering on a black background).  I don't know if those 
long bolts are a press fit in the holes in the rim or not.  There certainly 
seems to be a gap between the bolt head and the outer rim which would seem 
at first glance to allow the bolt to move outward, offering no resistance 
to the inward movement of the rim.  On older M-H pianos the rods were 
attached to tapered plugs in the inner rim which were captive by the outer 
rim.  You can see drawings of this on the patent, No. 783,781.  I believe 
that this assembly would form quite a rigid frame.  Those rods may look 
insubstantial next to the large softwood beams beneath them, but because 
they are steel, each of them provides the stiffness of a large softwood 
beam.  Assuming a 20 mm diameter rod and a modulus for softwood of 10 GPa 
and steel of 200 GPa, then each rod is equivalent to a softwood beam of 63 cm^2.
Bump the rod up to 25 mm and it's equivalent to a softwood beam of 
98 cm^2 (15.2 in^2 - roughly a 2.5 in. x 6 in. beam), which I would 
consider a fairly massive beam.  It's my feeling that if this device were 
properly designed, then the wooden frame members would be superfluous.  A 
property of the steel is that it is consistent in strength and stiffness, 
which is not the case with the softwood (for those that value consistency 
from piano to piano).  A downside may be that this type of frame would be 
more expensive and heavier than the softwood frame, but I wouldn't think 
significantly so.  Also, the centerline or line of action of the 'spider' 
could be closer to the centerline of the soundboard, since the spider needs 
less physical space.  On the other hand, because it has less vertical 
depth, it's probably not very good at resisting twisting of the rim, the 
way a 15 cm deep beam would be.

Looking at the M-H page that you mentioned I also noticed a couple of other 
things that I hadn't noticed before.  They're expecting not only the rim to 
act against the soundboard panel to resist board flattening, but the rim 
acting on the end grain of the ribs to resist flattening of the 
board.  They also make a point of mentioning that the grain of the ribs is 
perpendicular to the grain of the rim.  I'm not sure why they think that's 
important, and I'm not sure how that can be the case unless the ribs were 
at 90 degrees to the rim at the points where they intersect the rim, which 
is almost never the case.  They also seem to think that white spruce is 
stronger than Sitka spruce.

Phil Ford




Phillip Ford
Piano Service and Restoration
San Francisco, CA

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