Fw: Bridge caps: box wood vs maple

Ron Overs sec@overspianos.com.au
Sat, 21 Apr 2001 17:55:41 +1000


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Roger, Dale and list,

The boxwood you are referring to is Buxus sempervirens, which is a 
Roger says much harder wood than Maple Acer saccharum.

Species		Air Dry Density (ADD)

Maple		0.73 gr/cc

Boxwood	0.9 gr/cc

I prefer to rate timber density in grams per cubic centimeter, since 
water has a density of 1.0 grams/cc. This makes understanding the 
relative densities straightforward. Wood substance has a basic 
density of 1.5 gr/cc. The wood substance in the lightest hardwood 
Balsa ADD 0.2gr/cc to the heaviest hardwood Yarran ADD 1.3 gr/cc is 
the same at 1.5 gr/cc.

As Ron N and Roger mentioned, Boxwood is now used for the top treble 
sections of Yamaha C series grands. Fazioli uses Boxwood for the top 
section, then Hornbeam for the next, and then maple for all of the 
lower string sections.

Steinway Hamburg used Boxwood for the two upper treble sections until 
sometime in the 1980s. They now use maple for all Hamburg Steinway 
bridge caps. Several earlier Hamburg pianos through the 60s and 70s 
with Boxwood caps had problems. I noticed that the Boxwood they used 
was often inappropriately cut on the cross, or even slab cut in some 
cases.

Boxwood is so fine its difficult to determine the grain direction by 
just physically looking at a bridge cap. But its pretty easy to see 
when an old cap is sawn through.

I've often wondered why Boxwood bridge caps are prone to failure, but 
there are two factors on my short list of suspects.

Firstly, with a density of 0.9 gr/cc, these caps would require a much 
larger drill than a maple cap to avoid excessive internal pressure. 
We use a drill 94% of the pin size for new maple bridges. This 
percentage would almost certainly split a boxwood cap.

Secondly, for some years now I have suspected that the black slip 
coating which is applied to most bridges may lead to bridge damage in 
commercial usage, when subjected to high intensity lighting. The 
higher density Boxwood would be more prone to thermal damage than the 
lighter rock maple.

Regards,

Ron O



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