On 3/19/09, Paul T Williams <pwilliams4 at unlnotes.unl.edu> wrote: > Certainly. And 100 years ago they all had perfect pitch at A435. > > Paul Depends where and when... >From my old research, mostly from Alexander Ellis, you had a LOT of leeway. Formatting may not follow real well, but you should get the idea. These are all pitches of "A". Current A=440Hz, 12tet scale names and pitches thrown in for comparison. Church Pitch Lowest 370 Ideal Lowest 374 Hospice Comtesse 1700 377 Schlick low 1511 " Bedos de Celles 1766 Church Pitch Low 391 Strasburg Cathedral Silbermann Organ 1714 391.995 G 392 St Petersburg Euler Clavichord 1739 395 Cambridge Trinity College Organ/Father Smith 1759 396 Versailles Organ 1789 DeCaus 1615 Chamber Pitch Low 400 Paris Opera 1700 403 Mersenne Spinet 1648 407 Paris Spinet by Sauveur 1713 408 Matteson, Hamburg 1762 409 Paris Court Clavecins (Pascal Taskin) 1783 414.4 Breslau Clavichord (Marpurg) 1776 European Mean Pitch for two centuries 415 Dresden Silbermann Organ 1722 415.305 G# 420 Freiberg 1714 " Seville 1785 421.6 Mozart's piano (from Stein's fork) 1780 422.5 Haendel's tuning fork 1751 422.6 Lille, France 1754 422.7 Broadwood 1800 423 Westminster Abbey Organ 1820 " Paris Theatre Feydeau 1820 423.2 Dresden, Band of the Opera 1815 21 423.3 Philharmonic Society 1813 424 Praetorius suitable pitch 1619 424.1 Eutin, Germany 1740 424.2 Paris Italian Opera 1823 425 Paris Italian Opera 1829 425.8 Paris Grand Opera 1824 427.1 Paris Grand Opera 1811 427.6 Paris Theatre Feydeau 1823 428 Renatus Harris Organ 1696 430 Paris (M Lemoine) 1810 431.5 Paris Opera 1828 Compromise Pitch 433 Sir George Smart's tuning fork 1828 Broadwood 1820 433.9 Vienna Opera 1834 Concurrent Scheibler forks: 436.5 \ 439.4 \ 440.3 > 1834 441.1 / 445.1 / 434 Paris Grand Opera 1834 435 French Diapason (tuning fork) Normal 1859 " International 1892 " Dresden, Band of the Opera 1825 30 " Karlsruhe - Jos. Strauss 1859 435.4 Philharmonic Society 1828 436 St Petersburg Opera 1796 438 Paris Theatre Feydeau 1829 439 New Philharmonic 1896 === Modern Orchestral Pitch and Ancient Medium Church Pitch ===== 440 A American Federation of Musicians 1917 " U.S. Government 1920 " Associated Music Industries 1925 " International Standard 1939 " Paris Conservatoire 1812 " Dresden Opera 1862 440.2 Scheibler's Stuttgart Standard 1834 441 Covent Garden Opera 1878 " Paris Grand Opera 1836 " Paris Italian Opera 1836 " Paris Theatre Feydeau 1836 441.8 Berlin Opera 1834 442 Hampton Court Palace 1690 " Bernhardt Schmidt low 1690 442.4 Érard Paris 1899 443.3 Paris Woelfel pianofortes 1836 444 Paris Cavaillé Coll organ 1859 444.6 London St Paul's Cathedral Organ 1877 445 Madrid 1858 445.9 Broadwood's medium pitch 1849 54 446 Paris - Pleyel pianos 1854 447 Vienna Opera 1878 " Paris Opera 1858 448 Hamburg Opera 1839 449 Leipzig Gewandhaus 1859 " Paris Conservatoire 1853 450 Covent Garden Orchestra 1879 451 British & Belgian Instrument Std 1879 452 London International Exhibition 1885 452.5 Philharmonic Society 1846 54 455 London Philharmonic (highest) 1874 455.3 Érard,Broadwood,Steinway,Brinsmead 1880 456.1 Vienna, old sharp pitch (Streicher piano) 1834 457.2 American Steinway 1890 Church Pitch High 458 Great Franciscan Organ, Vienna 1640 461.6 Highest U.S. Concert Pitch 1800's 466.164 A# 474 Tomkins 1668 " B. Schmidt, high 1683 481 St Catherine's, Hamburg 1543 489 St James, Hamburg Schnitger Organs 1688 Church Pitch Highest 493.883 B 494 St James, Hamburg 1879 496 Rendsburg 1668 504 Arnold Schlick high 1511 506 Halberstadt Cathedral 1361 522.5 Handel's tuning fork 1751 523.251 C 554.365 C# Chamber Pitch Highest 563 Mersenne, ton de chambre 1636 567 Pretorius 1619 587.33 D -- Conrad Hoffsommer, RPT Luther College Decorah, IA
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