Pitch Raise

[ed miller]

I am a novice tuner learning to tune aurally. I am confused as to how to do 
an effective aural pitch raise.

How can you accurately judge whether a piano needs a pitch raise (without an 
electronic guage)?

Once you determine a pitch raise is necessary, is there a particular 
sequence to use when pitch raising? I am aware of the general guideline of 
overshooting a string by half the amount that it is flat. Do you do this on 
every note, or is there a certain graduation as you go to the bass and the 
treble?

Thanks.