John, list: I have been thinking about Virgil's approach for several years, and with him here in Chicago, we get a lot of his thoughts more directly! While I have a lot of disagreements with the language and the logic of Virgil's arguments, one thing is certainly incontrovertible--his octaves are pretty nice. But what I see being avoided in the attempt by him and everyone to define "natural beat" or the lack of beats is the fact that an octave with no beats is physically impossible. This does not mean that the aural effect can be near to beatless, but that if you really know what is going on in that interval, there are still going to be beats between coincident partials at some point in the spectrum of harmonics. The direction my thinking has gone in to attempt to understand what Virgil is saying (since he can't make me understand) is to draw from the psychoacoustic theory of speech recognition where, to be brief, we recognize voices by way of what are called formant sound, which may be only the first two or three major structures in the voice pattern which are used for recognition purposes. As Juan Roederer says in Intro to Physics and Psychoacoustics of Music, "A broad resonance region that enhances the upper harmonics lying in a fixed frequency range is called a formant. A musical instrument (its resonator) may have several formants. It is believed that formants, i.e. the enhancments of harmonics in certain fixed, characteristic, frequency intervals are used by the auditory system as a most important signature of a complex tone in the process of identification of a musical instrument". What this means is that Virgil is selecting out the most characteristic (strongest) harmonic structures to listen to in each note of the interval of the octave and then matching them as closely as possible. The resulting interval will sound out with slightly more amplitude than an interval tuned wider or narrower; but the fact remains that, although the ear can elect to hear to these sounds as ONE, they are in fact not, but groupings of selected (voiced) partials acting as a "single" formant tone. While they may appear to be perfectly tuned, they are not, and while just they are appearing to be tuned, the rest of the partial spectrum is beating at coincident partial levels above that. Does this make any sense to anybody? So far, it's the only conjecture that makes sense to me. Thoughts, any and all. Paul Revenko-Jones
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