Action Geometry, my thoughts

Jon Page jonpage@mediaone.net
Thu, 08 Jun 2000 23:12:06 -0400


Diane,
One way I look at capstan placement is to position it to move the wippen
through the optimal distance.

I have applied these ideas to the last few actions and have had good results:
I start with four fixed components in the action system; letoff, hammer 
length & blow
and key motion (establish key height and desired dip).

Action spread and/or knuckle /center pin radius determined by having the jack
perpendicular to the shank at the rest position, never greater (less maybe).

Depress the key fully and notice the location of the jack. If it is buried 
into the stop felt
at the end of the repetition lever, the capstan will have to move forwards. 
If the jack is
barely clearing the knuckle it will have to move back on the key. Sometimes 
just changing
the angle of the capstan will alter the arc motion enough to accomplish this.

I like to think of it as range of motion. A capstan placed further back on 
the key will move the
front of the wippen through more distance causing the jack to be forced 
further from the
knuckle at the end of the key stroke. Even though a knuckle placed further 
out on the shank
will delay the time the jack encounters the letoff button, the range of 
motion is the same
in regards to the wippen. (having a damper lift later does not mean it does 
not lift as high)
So capstan location is selected by ultimately having the jack in close 
proximity to the knuckle
at check-in or the end of the key stroke resulting in minimal (perfect) 
after touch.
This will also help with repetition since the jack is not in another time zone.

Starting the Capstan Relocation Program:

With the key partially depressed, holding the hammer at half blow (a 
tri-square set to this hammer
height and held in a vertical position with a spring clamp to stop the 
hammer while a light weight
maintains key position allows hands free juggling), a thread is drawn from 
the bottom of the balance
rail hole to the wippen center pin, a mark is placed at its intersection 
with the wippen cushion.
(remove a few adjacent keys to facilitate measurement).
Remove the wippen and mark a line on it perpendicular to the cushion at the 
pencil mark.
Replace the wippen and reset the key for the half-blow position. Extend the 
new line on the wippen
onto the side of the key.  This is the angle and position for the capstan 
at that balance rail/center pin
median, the angles between the wippen and capstan will be about equal and 
opposite from rest to
check-in. I think this is an optimal attitude for the least friction with 
the perpendicular line at half blow,

Set a trial capstan to this position and notice jack proximity to knuckle. 
If the jack is away from the knuckle,
the capstan needs to be located more forwards to decrease the motion of the 
wippen.
Reposition the trial capstan until the jack is where you want it at check-in.

Many times I have not had to change the capstan's position to the degree to 
alter the Key Ratio but a
slight change in angle made all the difference by altering the arc travel 
of the capstan and wippen
for a positive result with the jack.  The median line of the balance rail 
and wippen center have to be
rechecked after relocation. The cushion height may have to be altered or 
relocated altogether.
There can be considerable experimentation. The Renner USA universal wippen 
comes in handy here.

Relocating capstans takes about four to six hours. To expedite the 
procedure get a long plug cutter
from the hardware store (Irwin 1/4:" x 1" long). Cut plugs from old keys. 
These are made beforehand.
Remove capstans, drill holes to 1/4", glue in plugs (align grain), by the 
time all the plugs are in, you
can start from the beginning to drill the new holes. Replace capstans. As 
easy as 1,2,3.
(capstan drilling jig jpg avail.)

Once the capstan has been relocated for optimal regulation, measure UW/DW 
and Front Weight.
Now you can determine Strike Weight and whether you can get your desired 
Touch Weight with
simply adding or subtracting keyleads or if spring assisted wippens are the 
best route to go.

With spring assisted wippens, I have reduced friction to average 12 gr 
bass, 10 gr treble.

All this is just tip tip of the iceberg, there are other considerations 
which would make this post
excruciatingly longer but getting with David Stanwood's system would make 
it easier.

While you are drilling the old keys, get tapered plug cutters (3/8", 7/16", 
1/2") from Woodworkers
Supply. These will plug the holes left by removing the unwanted original 
key leads.

Regards,

Jon Page

PS I'm sure I forgot to mention something . . .

At 03:49 PM 06/06/2000 -0700, you wrote:
>Great idea about a thread on action geometry, Rob!  It seems that that is 
>the most useful
>thing for a _real_ understanding of what we are doing when we regulate.
>
>We are currently working on a JC Fischer grand, converting the action to a 
>modern one.
>The old whippens have no balancier, but a large circular spring that 
>attaches to a thread on
>the hammer butt (that's right, hammer butt on a grand).  The old action 
>parts are
>considerably lighter in weight than the new ones we hope to make work.
>Catch is the
>customer never liked the piano because it felt so "heavy".  Another issue 
>is that the new
>hammertails are 3/16" shorter than the originals.
>
>We put a new whippen and hammer assembly on a note and weighed it.  We got 
>a down
>weight of 85g and an upweight of 53g.  This results in a friction reading 
>of 16 and a
>weight reading of 69.  Then we weighted the key with leads to result in a 
>downweight of
>48 which gave us an upweight of 19, friction  of 14.5 and weight of 33.5.
>
>Hoping to improve these results we experimented with moving the capstan 
>forward.  We
>tried two new positions, .2" and .4" forward (toward the front of the key.)
>
>Results:
>
>         Original position       Original position       .2" 
> forward             .4" forward
>         no leads                with leads              with 
> leads              with leads
>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>Up
>weight          85                      48                      48 
 >             48
>
>Down            53                      19                      21 
 >             22
>weight
>
>Diff.           32                      29                      27 
 >             24
>
>Friction        16                      14.5                    13.5 
 >             12
>
>Weight          69                      33.5                    34.5 
 >             35
>
>
>So...   what should we do?
>
>
>Thanks,
>
>Diane Hofstetter
>Jeff Williams
>________________________________________________________________________
>Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com

Jon Page,   piano technician
Harwich Port, Cape Cod, Mass.
mailto:jonpage@mediaone.net
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