Bleuthner, history of piano tuners/technicians

Michael Wathen 556-9565 Michael.Wathen@UC.Edu
Sat, 22 Oct 1994 14:58:00 -0500 (EST)


A. Hipkins is a self made historian.  Everything he says must me taken with a
grain of salt.  He personally claims to have forced the entire Broadwood Factory
to tune using Equal Temperament (he was foreman of the factory for a while).
He is the person most responsible for starting the believe that J.S. Bach was a
advocate of Equal-Temperament.

Ron Torella wrote about his Bluethner grand thinking that insuffucient
downbearing will cause anemic tone.-----Not true!!  To the contrary, the amount
of bearing is proportional to the rate at which the energy is transferred to the
bridge-soundboard system.  The only reason that I am aware of that necessitates
any downbearing at all is that a certain amount will resist the changes made by
the board to the tension of the string.  I not even sure about that but it was
suggested to me by Harold Conklin former head of R & D for Baldwin.

As far as Ron's belief that low tension is responsible here is what I suggest.
Bluethner has had a fine reputation and the piano probably deserves every
attention to detail.  I would call the Sandersons at 1-800-FAST440 and ask that
they send you a rescaling kit.  One of the Sandersons now rescales and
duplicates Bass Strings for about $300.00 per set.  Rescaling is up at the top
of the list for things that can improve the sound of the piano the most and I
personally do not hesitate to rescale any grand.  Sanderson makes the strings
himself on his own lathe and gives an attention to detail that you can find
nowhere else.  There are many reason for rescaling and the common reason that is
usually given is that it will correct problems with inharmonicity that occurred
in the orginal scale.  Another, and perhaps more important, is that of forcing
tension to be constant throughout the scale.  The effect of this is to provide
an even downbearing force that remains constant across the bridge and
soundboard and thus eveness of tone by controlling that rate of energy transfer
that I mentioned above.  Just by general principle of design one would wish to
eliminate things that are variable where they don't need to be.  There are
several other things that this eveness of tension will do for the piano that are
more subtle.

If I think outloud I might want to examine the group speed of transverse waves
in an area of the piano...Just a thought...maybe garbage...to see what physical
model would occur as a result of non constant tension.  Afterall, one does buy
variable gauge wire to restring a piano. That's a funny idea and I can't imagine
the results.

As far as the action is concerned there are several things worth looking at.  I
would suggest measuring Upwieght and Downweights for all the C's and F's before
you desmantle it.  Calculate the the weigth of the each of the samples.

You can also take that downweight on each of your samples and time with a
stopwatch the amount of time it takes between the begining of movement through
letoff.  This will give you a good idea of the amount of Inertia in the key
hammer system.  You can later try sample parts and compare the changes. Also,
Weigh the orignal parts for comparison with the new parts.

My belief is that it is not necessarily the best thing to replace all the parts
automatically.  Purchase the Renner action kit that they are selling.  It has
sample of all of the parts that they sell.  You can take these parts and try
various things.   Good Luck!!

Michael Wathen
College-Conservatory of Music
University of Cincinnati





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